Drawing-roll.



E. KEMPSHALL.

DRAWING ROLL. APPLICATION IILE'D JAN. 6, 1914.

Patented Apr. '7, 1914 Suva/nto@ wim/woman SHOM/w13 ELEAZER KEMPSHALL, 0F PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR T0 BOLL FABRI COMPANY, A. CORPORATION OF RHODE ISLAND.

DRAWING-ROLL.

Patented Apr. '7, i914.

To all whom it may concern lle it known that I, ELEAZER KEinPsHALL, citizen of the United States, residing at Providence, in the county of Providence and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvements 1n Drawing-Rolls; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to Whichit appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawlngs, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to drawing rolls for spinning. n l

Drawing rolls for cotton spinning as now almost universally used are usually formed by cementing a piece of soft cloth to the usual iron .core and forcing an endless leather cot over the cloth, the leather forming the bearing surface for the thread. As leather is expensive and is growing more and more costly, and the labor and incidental expenses of applying such coverings 1s considerable, and as they have to be renewed several times a year, many efforts have been made to improve upon the above-descrlbed standard form of covering, but without displacing it from almost universal use for cotton spinning.

Leather, the material usually employed as an outer covering, is unequal in thickness 1n spots, which is detrimental to the thread passing between the rolls, and 1t is my purpose to overcome this objectionable feature by providing a material which may be made of uniform thickness throughout its whole area, and which is superior to leather 1n other respects.

My invention, therefore, consists in covering drawing rolls with a piece o f composite material, preferably by attaching a strlp thereof directly to the core, such composite material being formed by applying a thin layer or coating of nitro-cellulose to a sheet of cloth, preferably cotton or wool or a combination thereof. The nitro-cellulose is dissolved in a suitable solvent to form a paste or viscous liquid, a suitable softener such as castor oil being preferably added so that the coating will be and remain flexible and not brittle, but not in such quantities as to cause lint to adhere to this coating. The coating is applied to the fabric by the usual coating machines before the fabric is attached to the roll and should be so treated that the inner surface of the coating becomes tightly attached to the fabric, so that the two parts of the covering become essentlally one. The result is a covering for the drawing roll better than thel usual cloth and leather covering, much cheaper and more easily applied, and very durable.

In the draWings-Figure 1 is a perspectlye View of a roll constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the parts separated. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a section of the composite material.

The numeral l indicates a metal roll, provided with the usual trunnions 2. Around the periphery ofthe roll is cemented a composite piece of yielding material 3. The base of the composite material is of cloth, indicated at 4, preferably a cotton or a cotton warp filled with wool, of a springy character. The cloth should be firm enough not*l to stretch 'out of shape, and springy enough to furnish a good spinning cushion and not lose its shape quickly. The thickness may vary within reasonable limits. It should not be thicker than one-eighth of an inch after it has received its coating,.and I have found the thickness of one-twentieth of an inch after the coating is very satisfactory. The cloth may be napped enough to v cause it to adhere to the core and coating, but must not be so soft as to become lumpy under use or so heavily napped that the coating will be stiff and not flexible. To the cloth base is applied a coating 5, con'- sisting of a thin :layer of nitro-cellulose, preferably softened withv a suitable softener such as castor oil. It is absolutely necessary that the coating of nitro-cellulose should be flexible and not brittle. To secure the best results the material, after it has beenl coated, should be as pliable as leather; in fact, it can be doubled up and squeezed without cracking the coating. A horn-like, surface, such as would be secured by a thick coating of nitro-cellulose, not treated, to secure pliability, would be Worthless. This coating is applied in the usual manner for coating cloth with nitro-cellulose coatings, which consists in reducing the coating material to tbc condition of a viscous liquid by suitable solvents and applying the jelly to the cloth by the usual coating machines, care being taken to cause the inner surface of the coating to become attached intimately to the fabric, preferably by calendering between the various coatings, so that the two parts of the covering become essentially one, and that the surface of the coating is sufficiently smooth to make a satisfactory bearing surface for the thread. Calendering the coat- Iing is desirable for this purpose. Preferably the surface should be embossed with a series of slight indentations, for instance, with the pattern known'as a skiver finish, which I have found give a superior spinning surface, see Fig. 1.

Care should be taken that the coating is not applied in a sufficiently liquid state to cause it to sink deeply down into the fibers of the cloth. If the cloth should be entirely impregnated with the coating, the composite fabric would be Worthless for the purpose of my invention. The rst coating should be applied ina sufficiently fluid state to permit it to adhere firmly to the fabric under the strain of actual use. Any further impregnation is an injury, rather than an assistance, and it is desirable to calender after the first coating, so as. to lay any ibers of the material `which are not laid smoothly, and thus prevent irregularities in the coating and permit' the obtaining of a smooth coating, which will, nevertheless, be quite thin. The total thickness of the coating should not exceed one one-hundredth of an inch for the best result, and may be considerably thinner, although it must be remembered that it is diiicult to measure the thickness of the coating on account of the amount of nap which will adhere to it when it is attempted to measure it. In general, the cloth, when coated, is not substantially thicker than before the coating, as the various calenderings and embossings press it down.

Obviously, other substances may be added to the cellulose-nitrate without departing from my invention; for instance, Celluloid (which consists substantially of cellulosenitrate and a small amount of camphor) may be used, and I prefer to use some pigment, such as yellow ocher, which gives the coating an attractive color.

The composite material is cut to proper lengths and widths and attached firmly to the coreby gluing it as roll backings are usually glued, or other proper means, preferably by a butt joint. It is unnecessary to glue the butt joints together. The slight gap of perhaps 1/1000 of an inch is an advantage, as it gives an additional 'flexibility to the surface. The gap, however, as I prefer to make it, is barely appreciable to the smooth, even surface, and so that the two' ends of the strip will fit closely. A ap of perhaps 1/1000 of an inch will usua ly exist between the two ends, which is an advantage. Such rotating rollers for finishing drawing rolls after they have been covered are common.

I prefer to make the totalthickness of thecovering less than that now commonly used, but the metal cores of the rolls now in use may be covered with my covering without change. I have found that a fabric about 1/20 of an inch in thickness, compactly woven so as to 'maintain its shape and yet to be springy, coated with a coating about 1/100 of an inch in thickness is satisfactory, but, obviously, there can be a substantial variation from these measurements, according to the conditions of use and the preference of the user. After the coating is on the composite'material is little thicker than the original cloth forming the backing.

A drawing roll so covered with this composite material has many advantages over leather-covered drawing rolls. For instance, in case of. exposure to Water from sprinklers, in case of iire or otherwise, the leather covering of the rolls will frequently be ruined, while a roll made as above-described will be uninjured, its surface being substantially impervious. to water. Furthermore, the yielding backing being permanently attached to the nitro-cellulose facing and being of cloth, not felt, the backing does not become lumpy. Furthermore, the materials of which my covering is made are much cheaper than the leather covering used on the present form of drawing roll above-described, and are much easier to make and apply, and the coating made Aof a single fab-V ric may be made so absolutely uniform and true as to be much more satisfactory than the present leather-covered -drawing rolls for spinning. f

What I claim is 1. A drawing roll consisting of a rigid core and a covering of pliable composite material attached thereto,V said composite material consisting of a base of cloth of springy character and a thin facing of nitro-cellulose intimately attached to said cloth.

2. A drawing roll consisting of a rigid core and a covering of pliable composite material attached thereto, said composite material consisting of a base of cloth of springy character and a thin facing of softened nlitrIq-cellulose intimately attached to. said c ot he outer ed es of the composite ma- 3. A drawing roll consisting of a rigid -core and a covering of composite material a butt joint, said composite material consisting of a base of cloth of springy character attached thereto, and a thin facing of softened nitro-cellulose, tightly attached to said cloth, the surface of said com osite material being embossed with slight indbntafsions, to form a leather-like spinning surace.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ELEAZER KEMPSHALL.

Witnesses JN0. s IMIRIE, CHARLES W. ROYCE. 

